Which of the following phenomena demonstrate the importance of classical conditioning for human behaviour?

Related Mcqs:

1. Taste aversions are a type of classical conditioning, and if there is a long delay between the CS and US, conditioning is usually prevented. The fact that people and animals can be develop taste aversions even though sickness occurs long after eating indicates that:

   A. taste aversions are really more like operant conditioning
   B. taste aversions can be unlearned as well
   C. there is a biological tendency to associate sickness with any food eaten earlier
   D. there is less aversion associated with the actual sickness than with whatever caused the sickness in the first place

2. Phobias can be very debilitating and distressing phenomena. Which, if any, of the following statements are correct in relation to Watson and Rayner’s (1920) research into them?
   1:Watson and Rayner speculated that the complexity of emotional responsiveness in adults might be explained by the conditioning of children’s simple emotional reactions when they are exposed to new stimuli
   2:Watson and Rayner found evidence for emotional from a test trial in which the rat was accompanied by the noise
   3:The fear reaction in Albert could be produced by a loud noise
   4:None of the above

   A. 1 & 2
   B. 1 & 3
   C. 2 & 3
   D. 4

3. Which one of the following approaches tries to analyze human behaviour in terms of stimulus-response units acquired through the process of learning, mainly through instrumental conditioning ?

   A. Cognitive Approach
   B. Dynamic and Psychoanalytic Approach
   C. Stimulus-Response Behaviouristic Approach
   D. Existential Approach

4. Which one of the following is based on the principles of classical conditioning?

   A. token economies
   B. differential reinforcement
   C. contingency management
   D. systematic decentralization

5. Which of the following techniques is derived from classical conditioning principles?

   A. transference
   B. stress inoculation training
   C. systematic desensitization
   D. ECT

6. In classical conditioning two______are associated.

   A. Punishers
   B. Stimuli
   C. Responses
   D. Reinforces

7. In classical conditioning, learning is evident when a:

   A. stimulus automatically produces a response without a prior history of experience
   B. stimulus which did not initially produce a response now elicits that response
   C. spontaneously emitted response increases in frequency as a result of in consequences
   D. subject repeats an action he or she has observed in another and is praised for it

8. Consider this sequence: (1) food, (2) salivation with food (3) light with food, (4) salivation with light. This procedure for presenting stimuli and observing responses with dogs is based on Pavlov’s experiments, and represents which sequence of classical conditioning?

   A. Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
   B. Conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
   C. Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned response
   D. Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response
   E. Conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, unconditioned stimulus

9. The fundamental element required for learning through classical conditioning is:

   A. Conditioned stimuli
   B. Unconditioned stimuli
   C. Change
   D. Association
   E. All of the above

10. One difference between classical and operant conditioning is that:

    A. animals learn only by operant conditioning
    B. operant conditioning involves learning in which antecedent events are associated with one another
    C. classical conditioning involves learning in which antecedent events are associated with one another
    D. operant conditioning occurs when a response is not affected by consequences