A. causes and correlations are essentially the same
B. correlations always lead to causal explanations
C. causation cannot be inferred directly from correlation
D. correlations are one-way causal relationships
0 The decentralized city can be identified by______________?
0 Urbanization occurred in the nineteenth century because_______________?
A. the shift of employment and service away from the inner city towards multiple centers in smaller towns and rural areas
B. the degendering of public space as women use local facilities more
C. gentrification the movement of middle-class people back into the inner city
D. all of the above
0 Wirth (1938) said that social relationships in the urban way of life were segmental because______________?
A. commuters started moving out of villages and into cities
B. towns and cities were becoming increasingly planned and managed
C. industrial capitalism led to a shift of population from rural to urban areas
D. transport systems were not provided so it was easier to live in the city
0 Which regions of the world currently have the highest and lowest proportions respectively of population living in cities ?
A. they were confined to particular areas of the city
B. people knew each other only through specific situational roles and not as whole rounded individuals
C. there were distinctive patterns of activity for each social class
D. they were based on face to face interaction with close friends and family
0 The term collective consumption (Castells 1977) refers to____________?
A. Highest Asia Lowest Africa
B. Highest Europe Lowest Oceania
C. Highest North America Lowest Africa
D. Highest Europe Lowest Africa
0 The theorist who associated city life with the development of a blase attitude was____________?
A. the privatization of public services by the Conservative government
B. the lifestyle practice of shopping in peer groups
C. the form of tuberculosis suffered by those who collect stamps
D. the provision of health housing and education services by the state
0 Which of the following was not a common feature of ancient cities ?
A. Tonnies
B. Simmel
C. Weber
D. Wirth
0 What is gentrification ?
A. walled boundaries
B. relatively small populations
C. a strong influence over external
D. geographically small in size
0 In Which year did the urban areas of the world become more populous than rural areas ?
A. the movement of the middle classes into suburban areas
B. a policy aimed at renovating inner-city council housing stock
C. building shopping centers in cities to create employment
D. renovation of run-down city neighborhoods to attract high income groups