A. Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
B. Conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
C. Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned response
D. Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response
E. Conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, unconditioned stimulus
Learning
Learning
A. The UR and CR are not always the same response
B. Organisms come to generally behave toward conditioned stimulus as they do unconditioned stimulus
C. Stimulus situation
D. The UR and CR are always the same response
E. (a), (b) and (c)
A. The law of effect relates to Pavlov’s proposal that reward will strengthen the connection between the response that preceded it and any stimuli present when it is delivered
B. In modern terminology, Thorndike’s ‘satisfiers’ and ‘annoyers’ are called enforces and punishers
C. In the law of effect, a stimulus-response (S-R) association is learned
D. It is generally thought that the likelihood of an animal responding in a particular way cannot be controlled by the consequence of the response
A. Salivation and responses to light
B. Illness-induced aversions and phobias
C. Nausea and headaches
D. (a),(b) and (c)
E. None the above
A. Contiguity and conditioning
B. Habituation and contiguity
C. Blocking and preparedness
D. Blocking and autoshaping
E. Preparedness and conditioning
A. 1,2 & 3
B. 2,3 & 4
C. 1,2 & 4
D. 4
A. Perceptual learning, spatial learning and discrimination learning
B. Imprinting, aversive conditioning and instrumental learning
C. Classroom learning, street wise learning and common sense
D. Reinforcement, punishment and habituation
E. (a), (b) and (c)
A. OCD behaviours are naturally learned from biological relatives
B. OCD behaviours are learned from pairing anxiety-provoking stimuli with common behaviours
C. OCD behaviours are learned by perceptual processing of anxiety-provoking stimuli
D. OCD behaviours are contingent upon schedule of reinforcement
E. OCD behaviours are reinforced and maintained because they reduce anxiety
A. 1 & 2
B. 1 & 3
C. 2 & 3
D. 4
A. In the experiment by Gracia and Koelling (1966), animals given LiCl as the US showed an aversion to the light and click
B. Researchers have tended to assume that they results obtained from laboratory studies reveal general principles about the nature of association formation which apply to other species and other stimuli
C. The experiment of Gracia and Koelling (1966) opposed the nation of preparedness
D. The result of Gracia and Koelling’s (1966) experiment supported researchers’ attempts to establish general laws of learning
