Which TWO of the following are true of the learning set procedure?
1:The animals learns to focus on classes of cues that are inaccurate predictors of reward
2:In the win-stay, lose-shift strategy, the animal learns to persist with a choice that yields food, but shift to the other object if it does not
3:In the learning-set procedure, all stimuli and associations have equal effect on the animal’s behaviour
4:The occurrence of reward can be regarded as a stimulus that can enter into associations or acquire discriminative control over an instrumental action

Related Mcqs:

1. Which one of the following approaches tries to analyze human behaviour in terms of stimulus-response units acquired through the process of learning, mainly through instrumental conditioning ?

   A. Cognitive Approach
   B. Dynamic and Psychoanalytic Approach
   C. Stimulus-Response Behaviouristic Approach
   D. Existential Approach

2. Which type of learning occurs when one stimulus predicts the occurrence of another?

   A. Vicarious Learning
   B. Observational Learning
   C. Classical Conditioning
   D. Operant Conditioning

3. What type of learning do not rely on forming associations among stimuli and events?

   A. Perceptual learning, spatial learning and discrimination learning
   B. Imprinting, aversive conditioning and instrumental learning
   C. Classroom learning, street wise learning and common sense
   D. Reinforcement, punishment and habituation
   E. (a), (b) and (c)

4. Which THREE of the following are true regarding habituation and dishabituation?
   1:Habituation involves a gradual reduction in the magnitude of the response to repeated presentation of the response of a stimulus
   2:In dishabituation, the response returns when a salient extraneous stimulus is presented just before a trial with the habituated stimulus
   3:Habituation is caused by sensory-motor fatigue
   4:Habituation occurs as a consequence of the repeated presentation of a single event

   A. 1,2 & 3
   B. 2,3 & 4
   C. 1,2 & 4
   D. 4

5. The orbitofrontal cortex: 1: Has critical implications for survival. 2: Serves a reward-decoding function. 3: Plays a very important role in emotion. 4: Is not involved in learning which stimuli are foods.

   A. 1,2 & 3
   B. 1 & 4
   C. 2,3 & 4
   D. 2 & 3

6. The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called __________________?

   A. shaping
   B. acquisition
   C. discrimination
   D. generalization

7. The simplest form of learning that involves modification of behaviour through a diminution of responses to repeated stimuli:

   A. Imprinting
   B. Habituation
   C. Latent learning
   D. Conditioned reflex type II

8. In order to obtain a reward, a monkey learns to press a lever when a bell tone is on but not when a Buzzer tone is on. What kind of training is this?

   A. extinction
   B. generalization
   C. spontaneous recovery
   D. discrimination

9. Which of the following statements applies to instrumental learning?

   A. Instrumental learning is the process by which an animal learns about the relationship between the behaviour and the consequences of that behaviour
   B. Instrumentally trained responses are not entirely elicited by identifiable stimuli
   C. Instrumental learning allows the animal to control the occurrence of environmental events
   D. All of the above

10. How might behaviours of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) explained by principles of instrumental learning?

    A. OCD behaviours are naturally learned from biological relatives
    B. OCD behaviours are learned from pairing anxiety-provoking stimuli with common behaviours
    C. OCD behaviours are learned by perceptual processing of anxiety-provoking stimuli
    D. OCD behaviours are contingent upon schedule of reinforcement
    E. OCD behaviours are reinforced and maintained because they reduce anxiety