Judgments about the causes of outcomes of situations are known as:

Related Mcqs:

1. _____provides challenges that motivate individuals to work hard and meet their goals, while______results from stressful situations that persist over time and produces negative health outcomes.

   A. Eustress; stress
   B. Stress; eustress
   C. Distress; eustress
   D. Eustress; distress

2. Cross-cultural research in judgments of body size suggests that Americans tend to rate the ideal body______than they do in other countries.

   A. Father
   B. Skinner
   C. Taller
   D. Shorter

3. In some countries, it is normal to defecate or urinate in public. This makes it clear that judgments of the normality of behavior are:

   A. culturally relative
   B. statistical
   C. a matter of subjective discomfort
   D. related to conformity

4. A single, memorable case of welfare fraud has a greater impact on estimates of the frequency of welfare abuse than do statistics showing that this case is actually the exception to the rule. This illustrates that judgments are influenced by the:

   A. availability heuristic
   B. belief perseverance phenomenon
   C. framing effect
   D. confirmation bias

5. Which of the following criticisms of family and couples therapies are valid?
   1: These treatments are not as effective as most individual treatments for problems relating to family or relationship conflict.
   2: The attraction of these therapies may reflect little more than the charisma of those who developed them.
   3: Bona fide treatments only produce beneficial outcomes for a minority of cases in 20 sessions or fewer.
   4: These has been a relative lack of research on many of these therapies.

   A. 1 & 2
   B. 2 & 3
   C. 3 & 4
   D. 2 & 4

6. Theories explain results, predict future outcomes and:

   A. rely only on naturalistic observations
   B. guide research for future studies
   C. rely only on surveys
   D. rely only on case studies

7. What are the main types of assessment t measures used by psychologists to study the outcomes of mental activity?

   A. Theories, hypotheses, tests
   B. Self-report, experiments correlations
   C. Behavioural, self-report, experimental
   D. Behavioural, self-report, physiological

8. Defensive Pessimists set low expectations and ruminate over the worst possible outcomes; however research has shown that they perform similarly in terms of academic performance compared to which group of people?

   A. Pessimists
   B. Optimists
   C. Neurotics
   D. Extraverts

9. Which of the following interventions aimed at a variety of factors (believed to affect the risk of criminality) produced the most promising outcomes according to Yoshikawa (1965)?

   A. Direct support for parents and early childhood education
   B. Interventions which take place between prenatal and primary school entry
   C. Direct support for parents
   D. Early education

10. Desirable educational outcomes are realized when thinking and behavior serve the needs of the individual and the welfare of the:

    A. Second individual
    B. Group
    C. Society
    D. Country