A child who has been frightened by a dog develops a fear response to all dogs. This is known as:

Related Mcqs:

1. Watson and Rayner (1`920) conditioned “Little Albert’ to fear white rats by banging a hammer on a steel bar as the child played with a white rat. Later, it was discovered that Albert feared not only white rats but white stuffed toys and Santa’s beard as well. Albert’s fear of these other objects can be attributed to:

   A. the law effect
   B. stimulus generalization
   C. stimulus discrimination
   D. an overactive imagination

2. Research on avoidance learning suggests that a fear response is acquired through_________conditioning: the avoidance response is maintained as a result of______conditioning.

   A. classical; operant
   B. operant; classical
   C. classical; classical
   D. operant; operant

3. Which THREE of the following are true regarding habituation and dishabituation?
   1:Habituation involves a gradual reduction in the magnitude of the response to repeated presentation of the response of a stimulus
   2:In dishabituation, the response returns when a salient extraneous stimulus is presented just before a trial with the habituated stimulus
   3:Habituation is caused by sensory-motor fatigue
   4:Habituation occurs as a consequence of the repeated presentation of a single event

   A. 1,2 & 3
   B. 2,3 & 4
   C. 1,2 & 4
   D. 4

4. The basic understanding of the relationship between unconditioned response (UR) and conditioned response (CR) includes which of the following ideas?

   A. The UR and CR are not always the same response
   B. Organisms come to generally behave toward conditioned stimulus as they do unconditioned stimulus
   C. Stimulus situation
   D. The UR and CR are always the same response
   E. (a), (b) and (c)

5. Skinner maintained that reinforcement determines the acquisition of a response; Bandura maintains that reinforcement determines the_______of a response.

   A. acquisition
   B. development
   C. performance
   D. generalization

6. A child has leaned to avoid a furry, black cat. However, she still plays with her grandmother’s short-haired tabby. Her response demonstrates?

   A. negative transfer
   B. extinction
   C. discrimination
   D. successive approximation

7. In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, salivation was the

   A. conditioned response
   B. unconditioned stimulus
   C. conditioned stimulus
   D. unconditioned response

8. Which of the following statements about Pavlov’s dogs is FALSE?

   A. Pavlov’s standard procedure, involved the following: a dog was given access to food, and each presentation was accompanied (usually slightly preceded by the occurrence of a neutral event, such as a flashing light
   B. After several training trials (pairings of light and food), the dog would salivate at the flash of light, before any food had appeared
   C. Salivation at the presentation of food is called a conditioned response
   D. The event that evokes the conditioned response is referred to as a conditioned stimulus

9. Consider this sequence: (1) food, (2) salivation with food (3) light with food, (4) salivation with light. This procedure for presenting stimuli and observing responses with dogs is based on Pavlov’s experiments, and represents which sequence of classical conditioning?

   A. Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
   B. Conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
   C. Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned response
   D. Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response
   E. Conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, unconditioned stimulus

10. In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, the bell (prior to conditioning) was the:

    A. neutral stimulus
    B. unconditioned stimulus
    C. conditioned stimulus
    D. unconditioned response