Learning

A. Has an understanding of the environment
B. Knows the benefits of the solution of problem
C. Consciously makes efforts to solve a problem
D. All of the above

A. Trial & error
B. Imitation
C. Insight
D. All of the above

A. Uses his previous knowledge
B. Deliberately attempts to solve the problems
C. Identifies the irrelevant aspects of a problems
D. All of the above

A. before
B. after
C. simultaneously with
D. in a manner unrelated to

A. adaptations
B. gradients
C. successive approximations
D. conditioning trials

A. observational learning
B. non-contingent reinforcement
C. resistance to extinction
D. classical conditioning

A. generalization
B. negative reinforcement
C. higher-order conditioning
D. punishment

A. increases; decreases
B. decreases; increases
C. increases; increases
D. decreases; decreases

A. biological; acquired
B. conditioned; unconditioned
C. weak; potent
D. immediate; delayed

A. only a genuine, natural UCS can be used to establish a CR
B. auditory stimuli are easier to condition than visual stimuli
C. visual stimuli are easier to condition than auditory stimuli
D. an already established CS can be used in the place of a natural UCS