Estimating and Costing

A. b – rd)²/(r – s)
B. b – rd)²/(r + s)
C. ½ × (b + rd)²/(r – s)
D. b – rd)²/(s – r)

A. Earthwork, Concrete work, Brick work
B. Brickwork, Stone work, Roofing
C. Brickwork Flooring, Wood work, Steel work
D. All the above

A. Water closets
B. Flushing pipes
C. Lavatory basins
D. All the above

A. Cement concrete in foundation
B. R.C.C. structure
C. Hollow concrete block wall
D. None of these

A. [sb² + r² (2bd + sd)²]/(r² – s²)
B. [sb² + r² (2bd + sd)²]/(r² – s5)
C. [sb² + r² (2bd + sd)²]/(r – s)
D. None of these

A. Setting out of works
B. Site clearance
C. Steps in deep excavation
D. All the above

A. Product of the centre line of the walls and area of cross-section of any item, gives total quantity of the item
B. The centre line is worked out separately for different sections of walls of a building
C. The centre line length is reduced by half the layer of main wall joining the partition wall
D. All the above

A. Earth work in excavation
B. Rock cutting
C. Excavation in trenches for foundation
D. All the above

A. 10 cm
B. 15 cm
C. 20 cm
D. None of these

A. Mid-section formula
B. Trapezoidal formula
C. Prismoidal formula
D. All the above