Watson and Rayner (1`920) conditioned “Little Albert’ to fear white rats by banging a hammer on a steel bar as the child played with a white rat. Later, it was discovered that Albert feared not only white rats but white stuffed toys and Santa’s beard as well. Albert’s fear of these other objects can be attributed to:

Related Mcqs:

1. Phobias can be very debilitating and distressing phenomena. Which, if any, of the following statements are correct in relation to Watson and Rayner’s (1920) research into them?
   1:Watson and Rayner speculated that the complexity of emotional responsiveness in adults might be explained by the conditioning of children’s simple emotional reactions when they are exposed to new stimuli
   2:Watson and Rayner found evidence for emotional from a test trial in which the rat was accompanied by the noise
   3:The fear reaction in Albert could be produced by a loud noise
   4:None of the above

   A. 1 & 2
   B. 1 & 3
   C. 2 & 3
   D. 4

2. Watson trained Little Albert to fear a white rat. In his experiment the loud noise was a (n):

   A. Unconditioned response
   B. Conditioned stimulus
   C. Conditioned response
   D. Unconditioned stimulus

3. Jamil is looking at two objects he knows are the same size. However, it appears that one of the objects looks smaller than the other. Therefore, Jamil concludes the smaller objects is father away from him than the one that appears larger. Jamil is using what method to determine depth?

   A. Linear perspective
   B. Relative size
   C. Interposition
   D. Accommodation

4. A child whose father has a beard and who uses the word daddy to refer to all men with beards is __________________?

   A. overextending the word
   B. babbling
   C. exhibiting developmental dysphasia
   D. exhibiting weak attachment to the father

5. Watson argued that all behavior is composed of reflexive responses to stimuli, but Skinner later argued that behavior is determined ____________?

   A. patterns
   B. consequences of responses
   C. predictability of responses
   D. strength of responses

6. Santa Claus stops by your house to drop off presents and is feeling very hungry. He sees two cookies on the mantle and quickly devours them. Afterward, he no longer feels a need to eat. What theory of motivation best describes this situation?

   A. Instinct
   B. Evolutionary
   C. Drive reduction
   D. Incentive

7. Jackson had a huge breakfast this morning and is still feeling stuffed when he arrives at work. However, one of his colleagues has brought some delicious-looking donuts to the morning staff meeting and Jackson just can’t resist. Although he feels full, he eats donuts. His behavior is inconsistent with:

   A. incentive theories of motivation
   B. drive theories of motivation
   C. evolutionary theories of motivation
   D. the Cannon-Bard theory of motivation

8. Gradual exposure to actual feared situation is called ____________?

   A. Cognitive desensitization
   B. In vivo desensitization
   C. Flooding
   D. Breaking of resistance

9. A much – feared outcome of Alzheimer’s disease is:

   A. functional psychosis
   B. paranoia
   C. general paresis
   D. senile dementia

10. Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician’s waiting room, little Saima most clearly shows sign of:

    A. object permanence
    B. the rooting reflex
    C. insecure attachment
    D. habituation