Which type of learning occurs when one stimulus predicts the occurrence of another?

Related Mcqs:

1. Which TWO of the following are true of the learning set procedure?
   1:The animals learns to focus on classes of cues that are inaccurate predictors of reward
   2:In the win-stay, lose-shift strategy, the animal learns to persist with a choice that yields food, but shift to the other object if it does not
   3:In the learning-set procedure, all stimuli and associations have equal effect on the animal’s behaviour
   4:The occurrence of reward can be regarded as a stimulus that can enter into associations or acquire discriminative control over an instrumental action

   A. 1 & 2
   B. 2 & 3
   C. 1 & 3
   D. 2 & 4

2. Which THREE of the following are true regarding habituation and dishabituation?
   1:Habituation involves a gradual reduction in the magnitude of the response to repeated presentation of the response of a stimulus
   2:In dishabituation, the response returns when a salient extraneous stimulus is presented just before a trial with the habituated stimulus
   3:Habituation is caused by sensory-motor fatigue
   4:Habituation occurs as a consequence of the repeated presentation of a single event

   A. 1,2 & 3
   B. 2,3 & 4
   C. 1,2 & 4
   D. 4

3. Rahila found that a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus only if it is contingent and:

   A. Inclusive
   B. Dominant
   C. Informative
   D. Appropriate

4. The presentation of an aversive stimulus of the removal of a positive stimulus are both examples of:

   A. negative reinforcement
   B. punishment
   C. positive reinforcement
   D. secondary reinforcement

5. In which form of conditioning is the conditioned stimulus (CS) presented after the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) _______________?

   A. higher order conditioning
   B. forward conditioning
   C. backward conditioning
   D. second order conditioning

6. The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called __________________?

   A. shaping
   B. acquisition
   C. discrimination
   D. generalization

7. When Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus without pairing it with the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response failed to occur. This is known as __________________?

   A. condition failure
   B. recovery
   C. extinction
   D. habituation

8. The idea that the amount of change in a stimulus necessary to produce a JND is a constant proportion of the stimulus intensity is called:

   A. James law
   B. The all-or-none principle
   C. The law of diminishing returns
   D. Weber’s law

9. Which one of the following approaches tries to analyze human behaviour in terms of stimulus-response units acquired through the process of learning, mainly through instrumental conditioning ?

   A. Cognitive Approach
   B. Dynamic and Psychoanalytic Approach
   C. Stimulus-Response Behaviouristic Approach
   D. Existential Approach

10. Cognitive dissonance theory predicts than after people engage in counter attitudinal behavior, they will _________?

    A. convince themselves they really didn’t perform the behavior
    B. change their attitude to make it more consistent with the behavior
    C. change their attitude to make it less consistent with their behavior
    D. do nothing