A. The individual is seen as a passive victim of some external force, such as a virus.
B. By acknowledge of the role of behaviours such as smoking, diet and alcohol the individual for their health and illness.
C. The whole person is treated, and therefore the patient become fully responsible for their treatment.
D. Only the physical changes that occur due to ill health should be treated.
Related Mcqs:
- We now know the health professionals may behave not just according to their education and training, but also according to their own ‘lay beliefs’. But which of the following beliefs has been indicated by research to influence the development of a health professional’s original diagnosis?
A. The nature of clinical problems.
B. The probability of the disease.
C. Similar patients.
D. All of the above. - Research has indicated the beliefs of health professionals can affect the initial diagnoses that they make. Which beliefs have been identified as affecting the practice of health professionals?
A. Stereotype of the illness of people with the illness
B. Perspective or philosophy of the professional
C. Seriousness of the disease potentially represented by symptoms
D. Prior knowledge of the patient
E. All of the above - According to the health belief model behaviour is a product of a set of core beliefs that have been redefined over the years. But which of the following is NOT one of these original core beliefs?
A. Susceptibility to illness.
B. Severity of the illness.
C. The costs involved in carrying out the behaviour.
D. Self – efficacy. - Psychology has an important role to play at all stages of chronic illnesses such as coronary heart disease (CHD). But which one of the following is usually NOT the case in terms of the psychology behind such in illness?
A. Someone who believes that ‘lots of people recover from heart attacks may lead an inactive and sedentary lifestyle.
B. If someone has a history of heart attacks in their family and is resigned to that fate, that person is more likely to develop the illness either by affecting behaviour or by having an impact on the immune system.
C. A person who copes with their illness by taking definite action and making plans about how to prevent it from deteriorating is in a state of denial and may make the situation worse.
D. Believing that a heart attack is due to a genetic weakness rather than a product of lifestyle may mean that a person is less likely to attend a rehabilitation class and be less likely to try and change the way they behave. - All of the following factors contribute to individuals’ unrealistic optimism about their chances of getting an illness or other health problems except for:
A. Lack of personal experience with the problem
B. Belief the problem is preventable by individual action
C. Belief the problem will not appear in the future if it has not yet appeared
D. Belief that parents’ health is the sole determinant of their health problems
E. Belief that the problems are infrequent - The original protection motivation theory claimed that health – related behaviours are a product of, and therefore predicted by five opponents. But which of the following is NOT one of these?
A. Fear
B. Severity
C. Benefits
D. Self – efficacy - Based on the work of James Pennebaker and colleagues, disclosing or expressing oneself through writing and talking has been associated with improvements on which types of health outcomes?
A. Immune function
B. Alcohol use
C. Number of doctor’s visits
D. CHD
E. a,b and c - Which is NOT the case? The stages of change model:
A. Was originally developed by Prohaska and DiClemente in 1982.
B. Has been applied to several health – related behaviours.
C. Contains five stages which always occur in a linear fashion.
D. Examines how we weigh up the costs of a particular behaviour. - Based on the stages of change model developed by Prochaska and DiClemente (1982), if a person notices that she has been coughing a lot recently and begins to think about stopping smoking over the next six months, she would be at which stage of making behavioural changes?
A. Precontemplation
B. Contemplation
C. Preparation
D. Action
E. Maintenance - Alarm, resistance and exhaustion describe three stages represented in which model of stress?
A. Life events theory
B. Self – regulatory model
C. Protection motivation theory
D. Selye’s general adaptation syndrome
E. Health belief model
Mcq Added by: Lubaba Zarshal
