Related Mcqs:

1. Which of the following statements about Lazarus’s theory of appraisal is FALSE?

   A. Lazarus argued that stress involves a transaction between an individual and his or her external world.
   B. Lazarus argued that a stress response is elicited if the individual appraises an event as stressful.
   C. In primary appraisal , the individual initially appraises his or her coping strategies.
   D. In secondary appraisal, the individual appraisal the event.

2. All of the following factors contribute to individuals’ unrealistic optimism about their chances of getting an illness or other health problems except for:

   A. Lack of personal experience with the problem
   B. Belief the problem is preventable by individual action
   C. Belief the problem will not appear in the future if it has not yet appeared
   D. Belief that parents’ health is the sole determinant of their health problems
   E. Belief that the problems are infrequent

3. According to the health belief model behaviour is a product of a set of core beliefs that have been redefined over the years. But which of the following is NOT one of these original core beliefs?

   A. Susceptibility to illness.
   B. Severity of the illness.
   C. The costs involved in carrying out the behaviour.
   D. Self – efficacy.

4. The original protection motivation theory claimed that health – related behaviours are a product of, and therefore predicted by five opponents. But which of the following is NOT one of these?

   A. Fear
   B. Severity
   C. Benefits
   D. Self – efficacy

5. All of the following are behavioural risk factors associated with coronary heart disease except for:

   A. Stress
   B. Type A behaviour
   C. Diet and exercise
   D. Hormones
   E. Smoking

6. We now know the health professionals may behave not just according to their education and training, but also according to their own ‘lay beliefs’. But which of the following beliefs has been indicated by research to influence the development of a health professional’s original diagnosis?

   A. The nature of clinical problems.
   B. The probability of the disease.
   C. Similar patients.
   D. All of the above.

7. Psychology has an important role to play at all stages of chronic illnesses such as coronary heart disease (CHD). But which one of the following is usually NOT the case in terms of the psychology behind such in illness?

   A. Someone who believes that ‘lots of people recover from heart attacks may lead an inactive and sedentary lifestyle.
   B. If someone has a history of heart attacks in their family and is resigned to that fate, that person is more likely to develop the illness either by affecting behaviour or by having an impact on the immune system.
   C. A person who copes with their illness by taking definite action and making plans about how to prevent it from deteriorating is in a state of denial and may make the situation worse.
   D. Believing that a heart attack is due to a genetic weakness rather than a product of lifestyle may mean that a person is less likely to attend a rehabilitation class and be less likely to try and change the way they behave.

8. Which of the following is NOT true of stress?

   A. The external environment is a potential stressor.
   B. The response to the stressor is stress or distress.
   C. The concept of stress involves biochemical psychological behavioural and psychological changes.
   D. All stress is harmful and damaging.

9. Research has indicated the beliefs of health professionals can affect the initial diagnoses that they make. Which beliefs have been identified as affecting the practice of health professionals?

   A. Stereotype of the illness of people with the illness
   B. Perspective or philosophy of the professional
   C. Seriousness of the disease potentially represented by symptoms
   D. Prior knowledge of the patient
   E. All of the above

10. Based on the theory of planned behaviour, if the important people in your life want you to cut down on the amount of alcohol that you drink, what else needs to be in place in order for actual alcohol consumption to change?

    A. Personal belief that reducing alcohol consumption will be beneficial
    B. Perceive self to be capable of drinking less
    C. Subjective norms are in place
    D. All of the above
    E. A and B