A. Stress
B. Type A behaviour
C. Diet and exercise
D. Hormones
E. Smoking
Related Mcqs:
- Psychology has an important role to play at all stages of chronic illnesses such as coronary heart disease (CHD). But which one of the following is usually NOT the case in terms of the psychology behind such in illness?
A. Someone who believes that ‘lots of people recover from heart attacks may lead an inactive and sedentary lifestyle.
B. If someone has a history of heart attacks in their family and is resigned to that fate, that person is more likely to develop the illness either by affecting behaviour or by having an impact on the immune system.
C. A person who copes with their illness by taking definite action and making plans about how to prevent it from deteriorating is in a state of denial and may make the situation worse.
D. Believing that a heart attack is due to a genetic weakness rather than a product of lifestyle may mean that a person is less likely to attend a rehabilitation class and be less likely to try and change the way they behave. - Based on the stages of change model developed by Prochaska and DiClemente (1982), if a person notices that she has been coughing a lot recently and begins to think about stopping smoking over the next six months, she would be at which stage of making behavioural changes?
A. Precontemplation
B. Contemplation
C. Preparation
D. Action
E. Maintenance - All of the following factors contribute to individuals’ unrealistic optimism about their chances of getting an illness or other health problems except for:
A. Lack of personal experience with the problem
B. Belief the problem is preventable by individual action
C. Belief the problem will not appear in the future if it has not yet appeared
D. Belief that parents’ health is the sole determinant of their health problems
E. Belief that the problems are infrequent - Based on the work of James Pennebaker and colleagues, disclosing or expressing oneself through writing and talking has been associated with improvements on which types of health outcomes?
A. Immune function
B. Alcohol use
C. Number of doctor’s visits
D. CHD
E. a,b and c - According to the health belief model behaviour is a product of a set of core beliefs that have been redefined over the years. But which of the following is NOT one of these original core beliefs?
A. Susceptibility to illness.
B. Severity of the illness.
C. The costs involved in carrying out the behaviour.
D. Self – efficacy. - The original protection motivation theory claimed that health – related behaviours are a product of, and therefore predicted by five opponents. But which of the following is NOT one of these?
A. Fear
B. Severity
C. Benefits
D. Self – efficacy - We now know the health professionals may behave not just according to their education and training, but also according to their own ‘lay beliefs’. But which of the following beliefs has been indicated by research to influence the development of a health professional’s original diagnosis?
A. The nature of clinical problems.
B. The probability of the disease.
C. Similar patients.
D. All of the above. - Consider the following statements: “if I get medicine from my doctor, my cold will go away.” “My cold was caused by being run – down.” What are these statements example of?
A. Illness beliefs
B. Self – efficacy
C. Susceptibility
D. Behavioural intentions
E. Adherence - Which of the following is NOT true of stress?
A. The external environment is a potential stressor.
B. The response to the stressor is stress or distress.
C. The concept of stress involves biochemical psychological behavioural and psychological changes.
D. All stress is harmful and damaging. - Which of the following statements about Lazarus’s theory of appraisal is FALSE?
A. Lazarus argued that stress involves a transaction between an individual and his or her external world.
B. Lazarus argued that a stress response is elicited if the individual appraises an event as stressful.
C. In primary appraisal , the individual initially appraises his or her coping strategies.
D. In secondary appraisal, the individual appraisal the event.
Mcq Added by: Lubaba Zarshal