A. Emotions
B. Goals
C. Society
D. Communication
Motivation
Motivation
A. 1,2 & 3
B. 1 & 4
C. 2,3 & 4
D. 2 & 3
A. Sedentary lifestyles mean human beings take less regular exercise, which leads to excess weight
B. Human meal times tend to be fixed which overrides body’s natural appetite and control mechanism
C. Variety of modern foods encourage people to eat more by bringing immediate rewards of new tastes smell and textures
D. Higher stress levels in contemporary society can lead to overeating
E. All of the above
A. Hypothalamus
B. Estrogen
C. Cortisol
D. Leptin
A. It is also known as the orbitofrontal cortex
B. There is no modulation of taste-responses in the secondary region of the brain
C. As satiety develops, neuronal activity in the secondary taste cortex appears to make food less acceptable and less pleasant
D. Electrical stimulation in the secondary taste cortex produces reward
A. Satiety and reward signals are necessary to control eating
B. Taste and smell stop food-seeking
C. Gastric distension is caused by sham feeding
D. Satiety motivates food-seeking behavior
A. Rats have the same level of plasma glucose concentration just before meals as just after
B. Injections of insulin provoke food intake
C. Infusions or injections of glucose and insulin provoke feeding
D. Infusions of a competitive inhibitor of glucose in to the medulla reduce feeding
A. Most tired
B. Least hungry
C. Least fertile
D. Most fertile
A. The animal tastes smells and eats the food normally
B. The stomach becomes full
C. It becomes clear that the taste and smell of food provide the immediate reward for food-motivated behavior
D. It becomes clear that oropharyngeal make us feel satiated
A. A reward is something an animal will work to obtain or achieve
B. A punishment is something an animal will work to escape or avoid
C. A voluntary behaviour is also called a Pavlovian response
D. The term ‘work’ refers to a voluntary behaviour
