Metallurgy

A. Thin sprue
B. No reservoir
C. Investment heated strongly
D. Inadequate air discharge

A. Decreasing the sprue length
B. Decreasing the sprue thickness
C. Increasing the melting temperature
D. Increasing the mould temperature

A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4

A. Carats
B. Percentage
C. Fineness
D. Gram

A. Improve bonding
B. Decrease porosity
C. They react with the porcelain opaque layer, which masks the metal
D. Improves the thermal expansion between the metal and porcelain

A. Gypsum bonded
B. Phosphate bonded
C. Silica bonded
D. None of the above

A. Is applied to the walls of the investment to produce hygroscopic expansion
B. Increase the strength and the setting expansion of the phosphate-bonded investment
C. Acts as a retarder in the silica bonded investments
D. Acts as a refractory in the Silica bonded investments

A. Carding wax
B. Inlay wax
C. Utility wax
D. Sticky wax

A. Austenite to martensite
B. Martensite to austenite
C. Ferrite to austenite
D. Austenite to ferrite

A. Thermal expansion
B. Hygroscopic expansion
C. Wax expansion
D. All of the above