Externality & Internality

A. an attempt to internalize a positive externality
B. an attempt to internalize a negative externality
C. a Pigouvian tax
D. a command-and-control policy

A. Sets the quantity of pollution
B. reduces the incentive for technological innovations to further reduce pollution
C. Sets the price of pollution
D. determines the demand for pollution rights.

A. All of these answers are true
B. Pigouvian taxes and tradable pollution permits create an efficient market for pollution.
C. Tradable pollution permits efficiently reduce pollution only if they are initially distributed to the firms that can regulator pollution at the lowest cost.
D. To set the quantity of pollution with tradable pollution permits, the regulator must know everything about the demand for pollution rights.
E. Pigovian taxes are more likely to reduce pollution to a targeted amount than tradable pollution permits.

A. It is efficient for Roberto to stop playing loud music regardless of who has the property right to the level of sound
B. it is efficient for Roberto to continue to play loud music
C. It is efficient for Roberto to stop playing loud music only if Thomas has the property right to peace and quiet
D. It is efficient for Roberto to stop playing loud music only if Roberto has the property right to play loud music

A. ban the good creating the externality
B. tax the good
C. subsidize the good
D. have the government produce the good until the value of an additional unit is zero

A. the regulators decide how much each polluter should reduce its pollution.
B. no pollution of the environment is tolerated
C. each polluter reduces its pollution an equal amount
D. the polluters with the lowest cost of reducing pollution reduce their pollution the greatest amount

A. by allocating tradable technology permits to high technology industry.
B. to internalize the positive externality associated with technology-enhancing industries.
C. to help stimulate private solution to the technology externality
D. to internalize the negative externality associated with industrial pollution

A. equilibrium quantity to exceed the optimal quantity
B. equilibrium quantity to equal the optimal quantity
C. optimal quantity to exceed the equilibrium quantity
D. equilibrium quantity to be either above or below the optimal quantity

A. a social cost curve that is above the supply curve (private cost curve) for a good
B. none of these answers
C. a social value curve that is above the demand curve (private value curve) for good
D. a social value curve that is below the demand curve (private value curve) for a good

A. the benefit that accrues to the buyer in a market
B. the cost that accrues to the seller in a market
C. none of these answers
D. the compensation paid to a firm’s external consultants.
E. The uncompensated impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander