According to a latest research, Pakistan is predominantly a dryland country; 80% of its land area is arid and semi arid, 12% sub-humid and 8% under humid climate. Thus , soils of arid & semi-arid regions are vulnerable to a wide range of degradation process. As the case in arid and semi-arid climates elsewhere in south-central/southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa; _________________ are among the major causes of soil degradation and desertification?

Related Mcqs:

1. Any material such as straw, sawdust, leaves, plastic films, & loose soil that is spread upon the surface of the soil to protect the soil & plant roots from the effects of raindrops, soil crusting, freezing or evaporation:

   A. Mull
   B. Mulch
   C. Mycorrhizae
   D. Muck

   Submitted by: Shafiq Rehman

2. Soil-forming minerals occurring in rocks do not contain any water, they undergo ______________ when exposed to humid conditions & break down as in chemical weathering process:

   A. Carbonation
   B. Acidification
   C. Hydration
   D. Dissolution

   Submitted by: Shafiq Rehman

3. The major soil fertility problems in Pakistani soils deficiencies of N, P and Zn. Deficiencies K, Fe, and B also occur in specific crop genotypes or soil types, while deficiencies of S, Cu, and Mn are negligible. however, the common nutrient deficiencies are_________________: and some micronutrients including Mo?

   A. N, P, K
   B. Ca, Mg, S
   C. both A & B
   D. The above statement is wrong

   Submitted by: Shafiq Rehman

4. Almost one third of the land area through out the world is affected by land degradation. Pakistan’s agriculture sector though facilitates employment to >65% but is facing challenges from:

   A. Erosion
   B. Salinity
   C. Waterlogging
   D. All of the above

   Submitted by: Shafiq-ur-Rehman

5. Soil additive which stabilizes the soil, improves resistance to erosion, increases to permeability to air & water, improves texture, eases cultivation or otherwise improves soil quality:

   A. Soil amendment
   B. Soil conditioner
   C. Both a & b
   D. None of the above

   Submitted by: Shafiq Rehman

6. Degradation of green colour of fruits is due to___________________?

   A. pH changes
   B. Oxidative system
   C. Chloroplry lases
   D. All the above

7. Humus generally refers to the decomposed organic residues which have undergone a series of degradation and synthesis cycles. The humic substances consist of a series of highly acidic, yellow to black coloured, high molecular weight compounds __________________, which can be separated using different extraction procedures:

   A. Hymatomelanic  acid & Humin
   B. Humic acid & Fulvic acid
   C. both A & B
   D. None of these

   Submitted by: Shafiq Rehman

8. Pakistan being predominantly an arid and semiarid country, In addition to agricultural productivity losses and increasing poverty, desertification results in significant reductions in _________?

   A. Contributing to global warming
   B. Carbon storage in soils
   C. loss of biodiversity
   D. All of these

   Submitted by: Shafiq Rehman

9. Causes of Soil are:__________?

   A. Indiscriminate felling of trees
   B. Over grazing
   C. Mismanagement of irrigation syste
   D. All of these

   Submitted by: Shafiq Rehman

10. Pedogenic processes bring about changes in the parent materials in the form of _____________________, within the soil body (soil profile)?

    A. Additions, losses
    B. Transfers and transformations
    C. both A and B
    D. None of the above

    Submitted by: Shafiq Rehman