Methods and Research

A. causes and correlations are essentially the same
B. correlations always lead to causal explanations
C. causation cannot be inferred directly from correlation
D. correlations are one-way causal relationships

A. an attempt to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions
B. a piece of research conducted in a laboratory
C. a piece of research trying out new methods
D. an attempt to deceive participants about the research’s true purpose

A. being as precise as possible in defining an initial hypothesis
B. holding some variables constant to look at the effects of others
C. supervising the data collection process as closely as possible
D. seeking to manipulate the outcomes of a research process

A. sample
B. respondents
C. focus group
D. population

A. causation
B. correlation
C. association
D. connection

A. it takes place outside the university campus
B. it makes use of covert research methods
C. it investigates workings of society that are different from official accounts
D. the investigator is sympathetic to the activities that he is investigating

A. sociologists use both quantitative and qualitative methods
B. sociologists no longer use quantitative methods
C. sociologists always prefer to use qualitative methods
D. sociologists cannot use a mixed methods approach

A. research that tries to contribute to the development of theory
B. research that is always multidisciplinary
C. research that aims to intervene in and improve social life
D. research based on government priorities

A. assessing the potential risks for research subjects
B. selecting a relevant theoretical perspective
C. protecting the anonymity of participants
D. safe storage of the raw data collected in the process

A. the funding of certain projects
B. assuming that men and women are the same
C. women not being objective
D. using males as the accepted norm
E. a lack of female researchers