Criminal Psychology

A. Children rated most trouble some at an early age tend become the more persistent offenders
B. Some research suggests that for 8- 25 years old most offending occurs at about 16- 17 years and tail of to a plateau
C. Young offenders are rarely imprisoned for a single offence, rather for a number of offences
D. All of the above we can correctly state about young offenders

A. Direct support for parents and early childhood education
B. Interventions which take place between prenatal and primary school entry
C. Direct support for parents
D. Early education

A. Early childhood conduct disorder
B. Those factors which predict non- sexual delinquency such as low family income, poor accommodation, poor parenting
C. Early onset of sexually abusive behavior, male victims, multiple victims and poor social skills
D. Previous criminality, psychopathy and use of death/ threats at time of index offence

A. When moral issues are related to crime the differences between male delinquents and male non- delinquents are their greatest
B. Male delinquents are typically at Kohlberg’s pre- conventional level compare to male non- delinquents
C. Offenders were typically at Kohlberg’s conventional level of moral reasoning, i.e. obtaining social approval compared non- offenders
D. Non-offenders males tend to be at a lower level of moral reasoning than non- offendring females

A. abuse causes post-traumatic stress and thus a need to re- enact the experience
B. if a mother has been abused this increases the risk of a child’s potential for being an abuser in the future
C. physically abused children tend to commit physically violent offences whereas sexually abused children tend to commit sexually violent crimes in adulthood
D. the effect of violence are more generally pathogenic than simply ‘violence leads to violence

A. Early interventions may be costly, but they are more cost effective than ignoring the problem- this would result in higher costs of society for dealing with delinquent children later in life
B. If acted on interventions can be effective at reducing future delinquency
C. It is predictive of later more serious behavior
D. All of the above

A. penile penetration of any child below the age of consent to sexual intercourse
B. rape of a female adult
C. any form of sexual act that a woman may not wish
D. rape of someone under mitigating circumstances

A. Rape is frequently viewed as a crime of power, control and violence rather than sexual gratification
B. There is a general trend that sexual offending begins in the early life of an offender
C. Rapists have claimed to have experienced more psychological abuse than nonsexual violent offenders
D. Rape of older women by strangers tends to feature more strongly in rape statistics

A. Knowledge
B. Comprehension
C. Understanding
D. Practice

A. Sexual offences are often non- consummatory
B. When treatment is mainly directed at reducing fantastic recidivism actually increases
C. Unacceptable themes are found in the fantasy of ‘normal’ individuals but they don’t have to be acted upon in order to have erotic effects
D. All of the above