Diplomacy

A. Because their education systems are les advanced
B. Because they don’t have the resources to maintain diplomats
C. Because they have relatively underdeveloped diplomatic machinery and a restricted range of policy instruments
D. Because they prefer to handle domestic matters first

A. Because many diplomats died that day
B. Because it was unclear what negotiation and diplomacy can contribute to resolve a conflict with terrorism in the future
C. Because the Bush administration’s ‘war against terrorism’ suggested that military force and other coercive measures would be used to resolve this conflict
D. Both b and c

A. Information gathering
B. Policy advice
C. Representation and Consular Services
D. All of the above

A. Because globalization has taken away the focus on the state
B. Because of the increased amount of non-state actors that are significant in the international stage
C. It is still significant, since most diplomatic agency is still the preserve of states
D. b and c

A. Diplomats no longer operate within the well-defined shell of the state, rather, they now operate within shifting boundaries of state sovereignty
B. The growth of civil society and non-governmental organizations require a more broad-based diplomacy
C. State-based diplomacy is outdated
D. a and b

A. To prevent the ideological spread of their counterparts in their region
B. To gain the hearts and minds of non-aligned countries
C. To avoid a global nuclear conflict
D. All of the above

A. It is an approach to foreign policy that seeks to enhance economic development through trade liberalization
B. A process whereby developed countries create development funds, usually at summit meetings
C. Processes whereby developing countries attempt to negotiate improvements in their position in the international political economy
D. Both b and c

A. In world politics, diplomacy is a communications process between international actors that seeks through negotiation to resolve conflict short of war
B. In foreign policy, diplomacy is a policy instrument to enable an international actor to achieve its policy objectives
C. Diplomacy focuses on the resolution of conflict through dialogue and negotiation
D. All of the above

A. Mixed diplomacy encompasses realist and liberal theories to be used as a policy instrument
B. Mixed diplomacy is when diplomacy is a means to communicate the use or threatened use of other instruments
C. Mixed diplomacy is both a policy instrument and a process
D. None of the above

A. Traditional diplomacy constituted a communications process between recognizably modern states rather than between other forms of political organization
B. Traditional diplomacy was more inclined to negotiate and cooperate and less of an instrument to threaten the use of force
C. The structure of traditional diplomacy was institutionalized
D. a and c