The External Debt and Financial Crises

A. screening of debtors based on their regional location
B. World Bank requiring LDCs seconded by a DC to get loan reduction
C. loan denial to crisis-stricken highly indebted countries
D. None of the above

A. excessively committed to writing down LDC debt
B. a managed duopoly of policy advice
C. a U.S monoply
D. the initiator of HIPCs debt forgiveness

A. unrealistic for IMF to intervene in the financial markets of poor countries during the crisis
B. impractical for the IMF to loan short term as reforms can only be effective in the middle to long run
C. crucial that the IMF intervene in the reform of fiscal policy of the country and not the monetary policy
D. None of the statements above is correct

A. Structural adjustment loans
B. sectoral adjustment loans
C. internal adjustment loans
D. external leverage loans

A. trade account surplus
B. massive reverse outflows of capital
C. technological transfer from DCs
D. Symmetric informational in financial market

A. investment loans, and grants from overseas minus international resource outflows
B. net international resource flows minus net international interest payments and profit remittances
C. international resource outflows minus international balance of payments and profit remittances
D. foreign direct investment inflow minus investment loans and grants from overseas

A. Singapore (1994)
B. Mexico (1994)
C. Russia (1998)
D. Brazil (1998)

A. Argentina
B. Venezuela
C. Mexico
D. Canada

I. short term debt with a maturity of one year or less
II. long-term debt with a maturity of more than one year
III. repurchase obligations to the IMF
IV. IV public official development assistance

A. I and II only
B. III and IV only
C. I, II and III only
D. I, II and IV only