Estimating and Costing

Estimating and Costing

A. If the bed level is above N.S.L. the canal is called fully in baking and the berms are designed as 3 d where d is full supply depth of water (F.S.D.)
B. Area of canal in cutting = BD + Sd2 where B = bed width, d = depth of cutting and S is the side slope
C. If F.S.L. is above N.S.L the canal is called partly in cutting and partly in filling and berms are designed as 2d where d is full supply depth
D. All the above

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A. In order to check up the average depth of excavation, ‘Dead man s’ are left at the mid-widths of borrow pits
B. The earthwork calculation in excavation is made from the difference in levels obtained with a level
C. The earth work in excavation to form the road embankment includes the formation of correct profile and depositing the soil in layers
D. All the above

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