Watson argued that all behavior is composed of reflexive responses to stimuli, but Skinner later argued that behavior is determined ____________?

Related Mcqs:

1. Phobias can be very debilitating and distressing phenomena. Which, if any, of the following statements are correct in relation to Watson and Rayner’s (1920) research into them?
   1:Watson and Rayner speculated that the complexity of emotional responsiveness in adults might be explained by the conditioning of children’s simple emotional reactions when they are exposed to new stimuli
   2:Watson and Rayner found evidence for emotional from a test trial in which the rat was accompanied by the noise
   3:The fear reaction in Albert could be produced by a loud noise
   4:None of the above

   A. 1 & 2
   B. 1 & 3
   C. 2 & 3
   D. 4

2. Research studies that examine people’s responses on the Watson Selection test, the military problem puzzle and speak-aloud protocols have demonstrated that reasoning about problems is strongly influenced by:

   A. Logic
   B. Detection of the problem
   C. Conditional of the problem
   D. Heuristics
   E. Representation of the problem

3. Watson and Rayner (1`920) conditioned “Little Albert’ to fear white rats by banging a hammer on a steel bar as the child played with a white rat. Later, it was discovered that Albert feared not only white rats but white stuffed toys and Santa’s beard as well. Albert’s fear of these other objects can be attributed to:

   A. the law effect
   B. stimulus generalization
   C. stimulus discrimination
   D. an overactive imagination

4. Consider this sequence: (1) food, (2) salivation with food (3) light with food, (4) salivation with light. This procedure for presenting stimuli and observing responses with dogs is based on Pavlov’s experiments, and represents which sequence of classical conditioning?

   A. Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
   B. Conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
   C. Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned response
   D. Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response
   E. Conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, unconditioned stimulus

5. The simplest form of learning that involves modification of behaviour through a diminution of responses to repeated stimuli:

   A. Imprinting
   B. Habituation
   C. Latent learning
   D. Conditioned reflex type II

6. According to B.F. Skinner human behavior is controlled primarily by __________________?

   A. biological predispositions
   B. external influences
   C. emotions
   D. unconscious motives

7. Which of the following learning mechanism does B.F. Skinner see as being the major means by which behavior is learned?

   A. classical conditioning
   B. operant conditioning
   C. observational learning
   D. insight learning

8. Which of the following learning mechanisms does B.F. Skinner see as being the major means by which behavior is learned?

   A. classical conditioning
   B. operant conditioning
   C. observational learning
   D. insight learning

9. The ability to focus on stimuli in which we are interested while resisting distracting stimuli is called ________________?

   A. concentrated attending
   B. stimulus focusing
   C. selective attention
   D. structured perceiving

10. A series of responses that gradually approach a desired pattern of behavior are called:

    A. adaptations
    B. gradients
    C. successive approximations
    D. conditioning trials