A. external economies
B. negative externalities
C. internal spillover
D. social distortion
Related Mcqs:
- Suppose an industry emits a negative externality such a pollution and the possible methods to internalize the externality are command-and-control policies, pigovian taxes, and tradable pollution permits. If economists were to rank these methods for internalizing a negative externality based on efficiency ease of implementation and the incentive for the industry to further reduce pollution in the future, they would probably rank them in the following order (from most favored to least favored) ?
A. Pigouvian taxes, command-and-control policies, tradable pollution permits.
B. tradable pollution permits, Pigouvian taxes, command-and-control policies
C. tradable pollution permits command-and-control policies, Pigovian taxes.
D. command-and-control policies, tradable pollution permits, Pigovian taxes.
E. They would all rank equally high because the same result can be obtained from any one of the policies - 3M runs a Pollution a Prevention Pays program that has led to a substantial reduction in pollution and costs this would be an example of responding and costs. This would be an example of responding to which of the following ?
A. Nader’s raiders
B. The green movement
C. Governmental regulation
D. International competition - Which of the following are potential solutions to the problem of air pollution?
A. Grant right of the clean air to citizens so that firms must purchase the right to pollute
B. Auctions off pollution permits.
C. Regulate the amount of pollutants that firms can put in the air
D. all of these answers - In the economy when a steel producer sells steel to car producer it is regarded as ?
A. a final good
B. an intermediate good
C. an injection
D. a leakage - How is your purchase in Pakistan of a Rs40,000 BMW automobile that was produced entirely in Germany recorded in the Pakistan’s GDP accounts ?
A. Consumption in increase by Rs40,000 and net export decreases by Rs40,000
B. Net exports increase by Rs40,000
C. There is no impact because this transaction does not involve domestic production
D. Investment increased by Rs40,000 and net exports increases by Rs40,000 - Pricing to cover variable costs and some fixed costs as in the case of some automobile distributorships that sell below total costs is typical of which of the following pricing objectives ?
A. current profit maximization
B. product quality leadership
C. Market share leadership
D. Survival - If Honda uses its company name to cover such different products as its automobile’s lawn mowers and motorcycles, it is practicing which of the following strategies ?
A. new brand strategy
B. line extension strategy
C. multiband strategy
D. brand extension strategy - The most efficient pollution control system would ensure that ?
A. the regulators decide how much each polluter should reduce its pollution.
B. no pollution of the environment is tolerated
C. each polluter reduces its pollution an equal amount
D. the polluters with the lowest cost of reducing pollution reduce their pollution the greatest amount - A pigovian tax on pollution ?
A. Sets the quantity of pollution
B. reduces the incentive for technological innovations to further reduce pollution
C. Sets the price of pollution
D. determines the demand for pollution rights. - Which of the following is not considered a transaction cost incurred by parties in the process of contracting to eliminate a pollution externality ?
A. costs incurred due to lawyers’ fees
B. costs incurred to reduce the pollution
C. costs incurred to enforce the agreement
D. costs incurred due to a large number of parties affected by the externality
E. All of these answers are considered transaction costs
